Sepsis is when the body's excessive and widespread response to an infection impairs organ function. Because the immune system of newborn babies is not yet mature, infections can spread rapidly; for this reason, neonatal sepsis is a true medical emergency, and early diagnosis saves lives.

Why Are Newborns at Risk?

Newborn babies struggle to contain infection. Premature rupture of membranes, infection/fever in the mother during delivery, prematurity, and prolonged labor all increase the risk.

Symptoms — Subtle and Insidious in Newborns

A newborn does not respond to infection the way adults do; the signs may be faint:

  • Refusal to feed, decreased feeding
  • Fever or, conversely, a drop in body temperature (both are significant)
  • Excessive sleepiness, difficulty waking, or conversely extreme irritability
  • Rapid/labored breathing, pauses in breathing, bluish discoloration
  • Paleness of the skin, a mottled appearance, or increasing yellowing
  • Abdominal swelling, vomiting
  • Muscle floppiness (being limp "like a rag doll")

What Should Be Done?

During the neonatal period (the first 28 days), any of these signs — especially a fever of 38°C or above, or a low temperature below 36°C — requires an immediate hospital visit. The diagnosis is made through blood, urine, and, if necessary, cerebrospinal fluid tests; treatment is started without delay with intravenous antibiotics.

Prevention

Regular pregnancy follow-ups, hygiene during delivery, hand washing, careful umbilical cord care, and keeping sick individuals away from the baby are the main ways to prevent it.

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Related articles: Neonatal jaundice · High fever · Newborn follow-up

This article is for general information purposes only; it is not a substitute for diagnosis and treatment. For any concerns about your child's health, be sure to consult a pediatric health and diseases specialist.

Uzm. Dr. Hasan Keleş — Pediatric Health and Diseases Specialist, Gaziantep