Commonly called the "stomach flu" or "intestinal inflammation," gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites. In children, the vast majority of cases are viral (rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus).

Symptoms

Vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal pain and cramps, fever, and loss of appetite. Viral gastroenteritis usually resolves on its own within 3–7 days. In bacterial cases (Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter), the fever may be higher and blood and mucus may be seen in the stool.

The Cornerstone of Treatment: Fluids

  • In a breastfed baby, breastfeeding is continued and increased
  • ORS (oral rehydration solution) is given after each loose stool, in an amount appropriate for the child's age and weight
  • Water alone is not enough; cola, fizzy drinks, and pre-packaged fruit juices worsen diarrhea
  • If there is vomiting, give small sips at frequent intervals

Nutrition During Diarrhea

Withholding food for a long time is wrong; feeding should be resumed early so that the intestine can heal. Rice porridge, potatoes, bananas, yogurt, ayran (a yogurt drink), and boiled chicken are suitable options. Switching to a lactose-free formula is not routinely necessary; the decision is made based on your doctor's advice.

Signs of Dehydration

A marked decrease in the number of urinations, no tears when crying, dryness of the mouth and tongue, sunken eyes, a sunken fontanelle in a baby, weakness, and drowsiness. These findings are reasons for urgent medical attention.

Are Antibiotics Necessary?

No, in viral gastroenteritis. In bloody, feverish cases of diarrhea, a stool examination is performed; the decision to use antibiotics is made by the physician according to the causative agent. Anti-diarrheal medications are not used in children.