The most common type of childhood diabetes is type 1 diabetes, which develops due to insulin deficiency. The symptoms sometimes set in rapidly within a few weeks, and early diagnosis is vital to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis, a serious condition. In this article we summarize the signs that families should not miss.

The Most Common First Symptoms

  • Drinking a lot of water (constant thirst)
  • Frequent and heavy urination
  • Renewed bedwetting at night in a child who was previously dry (enuresis)
  • Weight loss despite a normal/increased appetite
  • Fatigue, weakness, difficulty concentrating

When these symptoms appear together and progressively worsen, they suggest diabetes and require evaluation without delay.

Emergency: Diabetic Ketoacidosis

The following are emergencies; seek care immediately (112):

  • Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
  • Rapid and deep breathing
  • An acetone (fruity) smell on the breath
  • Drowsiness, confusion, weakness

Diagnosis and Approach

The diagnosis is quickly considered and confirmed with a simple blood/urine sugar measurement. The treatment for type 1 diabetes is insulin; it is not caused by "eating too much sugar," so it is wrong to blame the family. Early diagnosis allows the child to live a safely managed life.

Type 2 diabetes, which is associated with obesity, is steadily increasing; for prevention, you can read our article on childhood obesity.

What Families Should Do

  • If you notice the above symptoms together, do not lose time.
  • Do not put off excessive thirst and frequent urination by saying "it's just hot weather."
  • After diagnosis, regular follow-up with the team (physician, dietitian) is important.

In Şahinbey, Gaziantep, we are by your side for every sign related to your child's health.

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This content is for informational purposes; in case of symptoms consult a physician without delay, and in an emergency call 112. — Uzm. Dr. Hasan Keleş