An undescended testicle means that one or both testicles have not completed their prenatal journey down into the scrotum. It occurs in about 3% of baby boys and is more common in premature infants. Checking whether the testicles are in place is a routine part of the newborn examination and of well-child visits.

Why Does It Matter?

When a testicle remains outside the scrotum, in an area closer to body temperature, it increases two long-term risks: fertility (sperm production) problems and the risk of testicular cancer. An undescended testicle may also carry a predisposition to hernia and testicular torsion (twisting). Early treatment reduces these risks.

Will It Descend on Its Own?

A significant proportion of testicles that are undescended at birth descend on their own, usually within the first 6 months. For this reason, a period of monitoring is appropriate. However, a testicle that has not descended by 6 months of age largely loses its chance of descending on its own.

Treatment: Timing Is Critical

For a testicle that remains undescended after 6 months of age, surgery (orchiopexy) is recommended, and the ideal timing is generally between 6 and 18 months. Early and well-timed surgery gives the best outcome for future fertility and cancer risk. The procedure is performed by pediatric surgery / pediatric urology.

"Shy Testicle" (Retractile Testicle)

In some babies, the testicle is pulled upward by a muscle reflex and appears absent during examination, but it returns to its place in a warm environment. This condition usually does not require treatment; however, a physician's examination is needed to distinguish it from an undescended testicle, and it should be followed up.

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Related articles: Newborn follow-up · Well-child monitoring

This article is for general informational purposes only; it does not replace diagnosis and treatment. For concerns about your child's health, always consult a pediatrician (specialist in child health and diseases).

Uzm. Dr. Hasan Keleş — Specialist in Child Health and Diseases, Gaziantep