Fainting is a temporary loss of consciousness caused by a brief decrease in blood flow to the brain. About 15–25% of adolescents faint at least once. Most cases are benign; however, since a small proportion may be heart-related, every first fainting episode should be evaluated.

The Most Common Cause: Vasovagal Syncope

Standing for a long time, hot and crowded environments, hunger, the sight of blood, and sudden fear or excitement are triggers. Beforehand there are warning signs such as dimming of vision, dizziness, sweating, nausea, and ringing in the ears; the child collapses and comes around within seconds. Plenty of fluids, regular meals, and squatting or lying down when the warning signs appear largely prevent these episodes.

In Young Children: Breath-Holding Spells

Between 6 months and 4 years of age, holding the breath during crying, anger, or pain may lead to turning blue or pale with a brief loss of consciousness. Although it looks frightening, it is benign; since it may be associated with iron deficiency, a complete blood count is checked.

Signs Suggesting Heart-Related Fainting

  • Fainting during exercise
  • Palpitations or chest pain beforehand
  • Falling to the ground suddenly without warning and getting injured
  • A family history of sudden death at a young age
  • Fainting while swimming

In these situations, an ECG and cardiology evaluation are essential.

First Aid for a Child Who Has Fainted

Lay the child on their back and raise the legs, loosen tight clothing, and ventilate the area; do not put anything in their mouth and do not stand them up before they regain consciousness. If the convulsion lasts longer than 1 minute or consciousness does not return within 1–2 minutes, call 112.

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Related articles: Seizures · Iron deficiency

This article is for general information purposes only and is not a substitute for diagnosis and treatment. For any concerns about your child's health, be sure to consult a pediatric specialist.

Uzm. Dr. Hasan Keleş — Pediatrics Specialist, Gaziantep