Most allergic complaints are kept under control by avoiding triggers and using medications. However, in some children the symptoms are persistent or the need for medication keeps increasing. In these situations, immunotherapy (allergy shots) comes into play. It is the only cause-directed treatment that aims to reduce the excessive reaction by gradually "training" the immune system against the responsible allergen.

How Does It Work?

The identified allergen (e.g. house dust mite, pollen) is given in very low doses, in gradually increasing amounts. Over time, the immune system develops "tolerance" to this substance; in this way, the complaints that arise upon contact with the same allergen are reduced. Unlike medications that suppress the symptom, this aims to change the course of the disease.

Two Routes of Administration

  • Sublingual immunotherapy (drops/tablets): Taken at home, placed under the tongue as drops or as a tablet. It is often preferred in children because there is no fear of needles.
  • Subcutaneous immunotherapy (injection): Given under the skin at a health facility at certain intervals; a short period of observation is required after administration.

Which route is suitable is determined together according to the allergen, age and the child's condition.

Who Is It Suitable For?

Immunotherapy is not given to every allergic child. It is generally considered in the following situations:

  • Allergic rhinitis or allergic asthma that cannot be brought under control despite medication and avoidance
  • Proven cases in which a specific allergen (mite, pollen, etc.) is responsible
  • Serious allergies such as bee venom

Before the decision, a detailed pediatric allergy assessment and tests appropriate to the history are needed. For related charts, you can look at our articles on allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma.

What You Should Know

  • It requires patience: The effect appears slowly over weeks to months; it is not a magic solution.
  • Continuity is important: Treatment can last 3-5 years; irregular application reduces effectiveness.
  • Safety: Especially with the injectable form, since a reaction may rarely occur, administration is carried out under supervision.

Immunotherapy is a valuable option that can markedly improve quality of life in a correctly selected child. Let us evaluate together whether it is suitable for your child.

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This content is for informational purposes; please consult your physician for diagnosis and treatment. — Uzm. Dr. Hasan Keleş